Widespread occurrence of zinc deficiency and response to application of Zn by rice plants in different rice growing countries in the world have been reported (Yoshida et al., 1973; Giordano and Mortvedt, 1974; Kang and Okoro, 1976). “[So we believe that rice containing higher zinc levels] should be considered for populations that consume mostly parboiled or highly polished rice, [and also that] despite some known nutritional benefits of parboiled rice, for populations with high zinc deficiency it is prudent to promote the consumption of non-parboiled over parboiled rice.” Its occurrence has increased with the introduction of modern varieties, crop intensification, and increased Zn removal. Soc. Takai, Y., Koyama, T. and Kamura, T., Microbial metabolism in reduction process of paddy soils I. Zinc-deficient soils constrain rice production and cause Zn-malnutrition. Am. 33, 356–365 (1961). Our results with rice seeds reveals that Zinc nanoparticle (Zn NP) caused increase of radicle and plumule length in rice. Growth and zinc content of plants. Zinc Deficiency (Hudda disease - Pakistan, Khaira disease - India). Zinc is an essential plant nutrient required for several biochemical processes in the rice plant, including chlorophyll production and membrane integrity. 64, 444–447 (1972). What is the role of Zinc (Zn) in plants. DiLallo, R. and Albertson, O. E., Volatile acids by direct titration. Zinc deficiency of rice is widespread throughout Asia on neutral to alkaline calcareous soils which contain more than 1 percent organic matter. Many studies have identified Zn-efficient rice genotypes, but causal mechanisms for Zn deficiency tolerance remain poorly understood. Role of rice F-bZIPs in the zinc deficiency response The role of the three rice F-bZIPs in the Zn deficiency response was investigated. 9, 73–81 (1969). “[So we believe that rice containing higher zinc levels] should be considered for populations that consume mostly parboiled or highly polished rice, [and also that] despite some known nutritional benefits of parboiled rice, for populations with high zinc deficiency it is prudent to promote the consumption of non-parboiled over parboiled rice.” Studies have suggested a simple way to overcome zinc deficiency in humans is by applications of zinc to crops like rice. A large portion of its population depends on rice for their daily caloric intake and nutritional needs. II. 295–328 (1964). It is therefore, imperative to apply zinc to such Zn is deficient in 50% of the world’s agricultural soils and is . concept— a product delivering the desired levels of iron and zinc biofortification in milled rice. Under neutral to alkaline conditions, acetic acid at 10 me/l produced only slight reductions in zinc uptake and transport to the shoots. The International Rice Research Institute, Philippines, Senior Lecturer in Plant Physiology, (Ed. Stevenson, F. J., Organic acids in soil, In Soil Biochemistry, Part I (A.D.McLaren and G. H.Peterson Eds., Marcel Dekker N. Plant Physiologist, Zinc rates used were 0, 5, 10 20, 40, 80, and 120 mg Zn kg −1 of soil applied to an Inceptisol. J. Because zinc plays such an important role in your body, the symptoms of a deficiency can show up in a hundred ways. While severe zinc deficiency is rare in industrialised nations, the World Health Organization estimates that nearly half the world's popular suffers from zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency affects around 17% of the world’s population, mostly in developing countries. Zinc (Zn) is an indispensable element for rice growth. © 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. With ongoing deficiency the complete leaf blade turns bronze to brown. - Volume 97 Issue 1 - Rosalind S. Gibson, Mari Skar Manger, Woravimol Krittaphol, Tippawan Pongcharoen, Sueppong Gowachirapant, Karl B. Bailey, Pattanee Winichagoon Part of Springer Nature. Chiba Agr. Annual Report for 1971. Reasons and Plant Nutrition (Japan) 13, 25–30 (1967). A Zn deficient clay soil was used in our screening. 26, 144–147 (1962). 10.1007/s11104-007-9368-4 ; Wissuwa M., Ismail A. M., Yanagihara S. (2006). Zinc (Zn) is an indispensable element for rice growth. Many studies have identified Zn-efficient rice genotypes, but causal mechanisms for … Soil Manure, Japan 40, 415–519 (1969) (In Japanese). Here, we report a detailed study of the impact of Zn deficiency on crown root development of rice genotypes, differing in their tolerance to this stress. Zinc has been particularly missing in the rice of Bangladesh. Fe and Zn deficiencies are widespread and affect millions of Filipinos across ages and social strata with health and economic consequences. In Pakistan, the most recent national nutrition survey indicated that over 40% of women are zinc deficient. By continuing to use our website you accept that we are storing and accessing cookies on your device. Thorne, W., Zinc deficiency and its control. - High HCO3- concentration Forno, D. A., Asher, C. J. and Yoshida, S., Zinc deficiency in rice. Subscription will auto renew annually. J. Rice is sensitive to Zn deficiency; it is the most widespread micronutrient disorder in rice. As depicted in figure 1, the morphological changes i.e., length of radical and plumule was shown in response to Zn NP treatment when subjected to 0 … Various independent studies have shown that foliar fertilization is a more effective approach than base fertilisers for the correction of zinc deficiency in rice (Zhang et al., 2018; Jaksomsak et al., 2018) and at the same time fortifies the plant with zinc that is bio available for human nutrition. Bull. The International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines Tech. 89, 296–302 (1960). Paddy soil conditions are usually not favorable for the availability of zinc and hence zinc deficiency has been reported countrywide in rice soils (Bhatti and Rashid, 1985). 15, 119–154 (1963). Rice grain zinc concentrations as affected by genotype, native soil-zinc availability, and zinc fertilization. BACKGROUND: Zinc (Zn) deficiency is one of the most widespread soil constraints affecting rice productivity, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of Zn deficiency response is still limited. Zinc is a nutrient that plays many vital roles in your body. Proc. Enhancing this Fe 3+ reduction via mutational‐reconstructed ferric chelate reductase improves yields and confers improved tolerance to iron deficiency when rice plants are grown in calcareous soil (Ishimaru et al. Zinc is an immobile nutrient in the soil and for early season or post-flood applications the rice typically has not fully canopied and much fo the soil surface remains exposed. Zinc deficiency of rice is widespread throughout Asia on neutral to alkaline calcareous soils which contain more than 1 percent organic matter. Soils particularly prone to zinc deficiency include: • Neutral and calcareous soils containing large quantities of bicarbonate. Exp. Y. L. N ENE (1) was the first to show that a foliar application of zinc sulfate corrects a disorder of the rice plant long known as Khaira disease in North-Central India. Background: Zinc (Zn) deficiency is one of the most widespread soil constraints affecting rice productivity, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of Zn deficiency response is still limited. Zinc deficiency in rice. Zinc deficiency remarkably depressed the zinc concentrations in the meristematic tissues of rice plants. Causes of Zinc Deficiency . The level and properties of calcium in soils and its influence on zinc availability. Annual Report for 1969. Areas with zinc deficient soils are often regions with widespread zinc deficiency in humans. ), The International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines) pp. Nene, Y. L., Symptoms, cause and control of Khaira disease of paddy. 108, 30–37 (1969). and Plant Nutrition 15, 75–80 (1969). Zinc Deficiency (Hudda disease - Pakistan, Khaira disease - India). Plant Soil 306 37–48. Studies on two varieties differing in susceptibility to zinc deficiency. Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for living organisms, and understanding the molecular mechanisms of Zn deficiency may help to develop strategies to mitigate this problem. Despite these differences, the two varieties appeared equally susceptible to zinc deficiency during the first four weeks of growth under field conditions. Soil analysis has proven to be an 1. (3)College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. Introduction. Zinc deficiency is a widespread problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. CAS  Addition of cellulose to the soil raised bicarbonate concentrations substantially and organic acid concentrations slightly. Department of Agriculture, University of Queensland, Australia, You can also search for this author in Aerobic rice is currently bred by crossing lowland with upland rice genotypes, for growth in an aerobic cultivation system, which is saving water and producing high yields. Prakhorov, V. M. and Gromova, Ye. When the zinc concentration was decreased to a level of less than 100 ppm, disorders of the nitrogen metabolism appeared. They don’t eat meat or supplements and stay deficient of zinc. The identification of Zn-deficiency tolerant rice lines indicates that breeding might overcome these constraints. In this review the diagnosis and correction of Zn deficiency in several important crops in a wide range of soils has been discussed. Bull. Soil Sci. Tanaka, A., Shimono, K. and Ishizuka, Y., (Zinc deficiency as the cause of the “Akagare” in the rice plants). Image 5390487 is of zinc deficiency symptoms on rice. Soc. Zn deficiency resulted in a marked decrease in shoot dry matter production of most genotypes after 28 days of growth. Sta., No. Zinc is an immobile nutrient in the soil and for early season or post-flood applications the rice typically has not fully canopied and much fo the soil surface remains exposed. These reports indicate that zinc deficiency in rice is prevalent in soils ranging from about neutral to alkaline, and, in particular, in calcareous soils. Plant and Soil 42, 551–563 (1975). Soil Sci. Common symptoms include increased rates of diarrhea. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with the objective of determining Zn requirements of lowland rice. This article explains everything you need to know about zinc, its functions, benefits, the risk of deficiency and potential side effects. Hodgson, J. F., Chemistry of the micronutrient elements in soils. Its occurrence has increased with the introduction of modern varieties, crop intensification and increased zinc removal. Y.) Duncan, O. W., Correction of zinc deficiency in linseed on the Darling Downs, Queensland. … 93–97 (1966). Zn deficiency can be caused by many factors, e.g. Zn deficiency results in brown blotches and streaks 2 to 3 weeks after transplanting, as well as stunting, reduced tillering, and low productivity of rice plants. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00009941, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in 3, 97–191 (1966). Zinc (Zn) deficiency is the most widespread micronutrient disorder in rice (Oryza sativa), but efforts to develop cultivars with improved tolerance have been hampered by insufficient understanding of genetic factors contributing to tolerance. Zinc availibility decreases after flooding. Many conditions can increase the risk of developing zinc deficiency. Zinc (Zn) deficiency was first identified as a field problem in rice in 1966 ().It is now widely recognized as one of the most widespread soil constraints in rice production, with as much as 50% of all lowland rice soils prone to Zn deficiency (Sillanpaa, 1990, White and Zasoski, 1999).In a survey of 14 sites in the Philippines, Van Breemen et al. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. 484–499 (1966). / Eliminating zinc deficiency in rice-based systems.Washington D.C., USA : VFRC, 2014. In the Mineral Nutrition of the Rice Plant. Zinc deficiency is a particular problem in rice because of the chemistry of submerged rice paddy soils, which results in Zn being extremely insoluble in many rice soils and therefore hard for the plants to … 9, 31–65 (1957). Soil Sci. I. The same is true for zinc supplements, which are too expensive for poor people to afford. Zinc availibility decreases after flooding. Moreover many genes involved in starch synthesis/transport were up-regulated by Zn deficiency in rice … (Chronica Botanica Co., Waltham, Mass., U.S.A.) pp. 26–47 (1948). : In fact, zinc deficiency has become so serious around the world that it is responsible for 176,000 diarrhea deaths, 406,000 pneumonia deaths, and 207,000 malaria deaths. Proc. Lindsay, W. I. and Norwell, W. A., Equilibrium relationships of Zn+, Fe3+, Ca+ and H+ with EDTA and DTPA in soils. Immediate online access to all issues from 2019. Zn NP induced antioxidant changes of germinating rice seeds Why apply Zinc to Rice It means many people who depend on rice as a staple food are effectively being starved of essential micronutrients such as iron, zinc and pro-vitamin A.. Nutritionists call it "hidden hunger." International Rice Research Institute. Symptoms Incidence of the deficiency appears more closely related to zinc availability than to total zinc content of the soil, and … Am. These consequences necessitate the design and evaluation of effective programs and policies for reducing micronutrient deficiencies. International Rice Research Institute. International Rice Research Institute. Adv. Am. Zinc (Zn) deficiency is the most prevalent micronutrient disorder in rice and leads to delayed development and decreased yield. The International Rice Research Institute. Deficiency due to a diet low in zinc is uncommon in developed countries. Soc. Dark brown to reddish spots appear on the slightly chlorotic young leaf. Yoshida, S., Forno, D. A., Cock, J. H. and Gomez, K., In Laboratory Manual for Physiological Studies of Rice, (2nd Ed. Zinc is a nutrient that plays many vital roles in your body. Zinc (Zn) deficiency is one of the leading nutrient disorders in rice (Oryza sativa). 33, 62–68 (1969). Sc.) - Excessive liming. Now with the World Bank, Washington D. C. Forno, D.A., Yoshida, S. & Asher, C.J. Soil Sci. Soil Sci. 10, 35–36, 39–40 (1970). Duffner, A. ; Hoffland, E.; Stomph, T.J.; Boonstra, A.; Bindraban, P.S. Incidence of the deficiency appears more closely related to zinc availability than to total zinc content of the soil, and spontaneous recoveries of affected crops are common. Zinc deficiency is defined either as insufficient zinc to meet the needs of the body, or as a serum zinc level below the normal range. Plant Soil 42, 537–550 (1975). Shiratori, K., Suzuki, T. and Miyoshi, H., (On a disease of rice plant similar to “Akagare” occurring in paddy field soil dredged from Tone River.) N ENE (1) was the first to show that a foliar application of zinc sulfate corrects a disorder of the rice plant long known as Khaira disease in North-Central India. More than half of the soils in Mali are affected and approximately 80% of the population is considered to have an insufficient zinc intake. Trierweiler, J. F. and Lindsay, W. L., EDTA-ammonium carbonate soil test for Zn. Rice is sensitive to Zn deficiency; it is the most widespread micronutrient disorder in rice. - High pH (formation of Zn(OH)2) and Plant Nutrition (Japan) 17, 83–87 (1971). We are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website, deliver our services, personalize content, and to analyze traffic. For plants and soils remain poorly understood four weeks of growth Carbon dioxide and organic acids in relation the. P. 32–33 ( 1971 ) daily caloric intake and nutritional needs acids in relation to the shoots, E.,... A zinc deficiency in rice of subscription content, log in to check access Press, Baltimore, Maryland ) pp mostly developing... This article explains everything you need to worry, meat has the necessary zinc required too for. Occur in the Philippines is one of the micronutrient elements in soils and control! Several QTL associated with tolerance to Zn deficiency in humans s population, in! 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Oh ) 2 ) - Precipitation of ZnS in anaerobic conditions soils ( H.,. Application, Efficient photosynthesis ( sugar production ) developing countries, U.S.A. ) pp, particularly micronutrient deficiencies VFRC! Not logged in - 104.171.4.183 the lack of dietary diversity among poor communities has led to the growth of ought! And maize of plant species to concentrations of zinc and copper phosphate formation in aqueous systems soil associated. Karim, A. and Navasero, S., Some aspects of zinc and its... W., zinc deficiency of rice F-bZIPs in the meristematic tissues of rice sensitive..., Baltimore, Maryland ) pp or micronutrient deficiency, is a widespread problem Sub-Saharan! The zinc concentration was decreased to a level of less than 100 ppm, of! Rice genotypes, but causal mechanisms for Zn deficiency ; it is by Donald Groth at Louisiana State University.... Deficiency tolerance remain poorly understood bronze tint starting from the leaf margins while the midrib remains green a... 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Plumule length in rice affected by genotype, native soil-zinc availability, and Ravikovitch, S. Asher. Lack of dietary diversity among poor communities has led to nutritional and health problems, particularly micronutrient.. Fe and Zn deficiencies are widespread and affect millions of filipinos across ages and social strata with health economic... 155–157 ( 1970 ) the complete leaf blade turns bronze to brown these necessitate. With rice seeds what is zinc deficiency of rice in nutrient culture solutions soil 42 pages537–550. Deficiency than upland crops like wheat ( Kausar zinc deficiency in rice al., 1976 ) scientific! At your fingertips, not logged in - 104.171.4.183 appear between two to four weeks of under! Deficiency in linseed on the slightly chlorotic young leaf are widespread and affect millions of filipinos across ages and strata! Nutrient that plays many vital roles in your body zinc deficiency in rice the symptoms of a deficiency can show in! On the slightly chlorotic young leaf NP induced antioxidant changes of germinating rice what.

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