LAPOP carried out an extensive mixed-methods, multi-year, four-nation impact evaluation of USAID’s program in violence prevention programs focused at the neighborhood level. Given the work to be done before an Implementing Partner begins delivering the intervention the Impact Evaluation will examine, it is suggested that USAID issue a solicitation for an Impact evaluation team at the same time USAID issues the project-implementation solicitation. Randomized assignment can be achieved in a number of ways including flipping a coin; computer generated assignments, or a lottery, where the number of participants is greater than the number that can draw tickets that assignment them to the intervention (or treatment) group. Randomized assignment is a method for creating groups that do and do not receive a project intervention. Evaluation Team Lead, USAID/Cambodia Mid-term Evaluation of Enhancing Quality of Healthcare Activity (EQHA) and Promoting Healthy Behavior (PHB), Cambodia. Bureau of Economic Growth, Education, and Environment Find out about career opportunities at USAID. NORC at the University of Chicago. In general, prospective impact evaluations are more likely to produce strong and credible evaluation results. This technical note build on USAID’s definition of an impact evaluation and explains the process USAID envisions for undertaking evaluations that involve rigorous experimental and quasi experimental designs. This publication was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. BETTER PROJECTS THROUGH IMPROVED USAID Evaluation Policy encourages Missions to undertake prospective impact evaluations that involve the identification of a comparison group or area, and the collection of baseline data, prior to the initiation of the project intervention. While many of the steps listed in the Impact Evaluation Process above parallel steps taken in conducting Performance Evaluations, several of these steps warrant special attention when an Impact Evaluation is being planned. USAID Contract AID–486–I–14-00001 (IDIQ); AID–383–TO–17–00003 (Task Order) DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Through the "USAID Learns" activity, Social Impact is supporting USAID/Vietnam to streamline monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) capacity across Mission teams, increase hands-on capacity building for local organizations and entities, implement innovative approaches, increase effective collaboration among stakeholders, and develop a highly utilized M&E system. The reports below summarize evaluation requirements and practices at USAID before and after the Evaluation Policy, major accomplishments during the first five years of implementation, and priority activities to support policy implementation moving forward. U.S. Agency for International Development, Randomized impact evaluation of Afghanistan's National Solidarity Programme (NSP) Hypotheses and Methodology, What are the Steps in Implementing an Impact Assessment, Project Evaluation Plan Summary Template >>, Confirm the Evaluability of the Intervention, Identify the Target Population, if not already determined, Prepare an Impact Evaluation Statement of Work (SOW), including Anticipated Method by Which Population Units will be Assigned to Groups, Identify and Engage an Impact Evaluation Team, Finalize Decisions about Method by Which Population Units will be Assigned to Groups (with the Impact Evaluation Team), Prepare a Detailed Evaluation Design and Data Collection/Analysis Plan (Impact Evaluation Team), Gather Baseline Data, on target population or a sample thereof (Impact Evaluation Team, potentially in collaboration with USAID’s Implementing Partner), Implement the Method for Assigning Population Units to Treatment and Comparison Groups (Impact Evaluation Team), Deliver the Intervention (USAID’s Implementing Partner), Monitor Intervention Delivery and Treatment/Comparison Group Issues (Impact Evaluation Team), Gather Endline Data on Groups (Impact Evaluation Team, potentially in collaboration with USAID’s Implementing Partner), Act on Evaluation Findings to Enhance USAID and Partner Development Effectiveness. Social Impact is a global development management consulting firm. This Note defines impact evaluations, explains when they should be commissioned according to USAID policy and describes different designs for quasi-experimental and experimental impact evaluations. The conclusion of this OECD study, which was not issued as an OECD publication was that the experimental and quasi-experimental designs already being used on a prospective as well as a retrospective basis to examine a wide range of interventions in developing countries were both adequate and appropriate for carrying out these types of impact evaluations in the aid for trade arena. Retrospective impact evaluations assess program impact after the program has been implemented, generating treatment and comparison groups ex-post. "Managing Impact Evaluations" (Part II) of Impact Evaluations and Development. Impact evaluations can be divided into two categories: prospective and retrospective. Bureau of Economic Growth, Education, and Environment Learn how you can get involved and lend a hand. US Agency for International Development (USAID). AID-617-C-16-00003 . Contract No. Office of Trade and Regulatory Reform Evaluations at USAID include impact evaluations and performance evaluations. USAID requires that the main types of evaluations to be undertaken during a CDCS period be specified in a PMP, noting that PMPs can and should be updated, as needed, to reflect additional evaluations a Mission schedules in response to facts that “trigger” supplem… It was prepared by . 2016 (Five-Year) Report 2. The impact evaluation of MMT uses an experimental design whereby treatment and control schools were randomly selected. By Winston J. Allen, PhD Senior Evaluation Specialist, USAID Bureau for Policy, Planning, and Learning USAID entered my life in 1963, when I participated in the school lunch program at my elementary school, the Congo Town Municipal Primary School in the outskirts of Freetown, Sierra Leone. With all of these methods, all members of a population (or all members of a representative sample of a large population) have an equal chance of ending up in the intervention (or treatment) group. 1. For USAID Missions that are considering undertaking an Impact Evaluation to examine causal linkages in a trade facilitation or other type of trade capacity building project, it may be worth noting that in 2008-2009, the OECD commissioned a review of these types of projects to determine whether or not existing approaches for conducting impact evaluations (that include an examination of the counterfactual) … The school lunch, supported by USAID, was a high […] BETTER PROJECTS THROUGH IMPROVED Find out about career opportunities at USAID. This toolkit’s page on the decision to undertake and impact evaluation is located in that section and may be worth reviewing as Mission’s prepare more detailed Project MEL plans. In conjunction with impact evaluations Microlinks has conducted, the project has published an Impact Evaluation Primer Series that includes Common Problems in Impact Assessment Research and six other volumes. USAID's Microlinks Project captures new learning in microenterprise development and disseminates it among practitioners. Along this continuum, the preference in USAID's Evaluation Policy is clear: For impact evaluations, experimental methods generate the strongest evidence. This method helps USAID staff understand if short-term impacts are sustained, or if theorized long-term impacts are realized. Running Randomized Evaluations: A Practical Guide ENDLINE IMPACT EVALUATION REPORT (FINAL) January 2016 This publication was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. The more certain we are that groups are equivalent at the start, the more confident we can be in claiming that any post-intervention difference is due to the project being evaluated. To demonstrate the power of long-term evaluation, the team plans to conduct evaluations that assess the impacts of an aid intervention years after the project is completed. Baseline data are collected prior to program implementation for both treatment and comparison groups. Evaluator involvement in these decisions automatically steps away from the 'equal chance' proposition and introduces the possibility of bias (either deliberate or inadvertent) in the assignment process. U.S. Agency for International Development, Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference, Running Randomized Evaluations: A Practical Guide, decision to undertake and impact evaluation, Experimental and Quasi Experimental Design for Generalized Causal Inference. Alternative methods should be utilized only when random assignment strategies are infeasible. 2013 Report(link is external) 3. USAID/Ghana contracted Social Impact, Inc. to conduct an impact evaluation of USAID’s Ghana Strengthening Accountability Mechanisms (GSAM) program, which aims to increase accountability of local District Assemblies in Ghana. Students were assessed prior to the start of the intervention in April 2018 and again at the end of the intervention in July 2018. Supporting USAID Impact Evaluation in Honduras. Missions initially identify which of their evaluations during a CDCS period will be impact evaluations and which will be performance evaluations in their PMP. USAID is committed to building the evidence base on what works through impact evaluations. For many of the project-level interventions USAID determines warrant an Impact Evaluation, a timely start-up will involve completing half of the steps on the list of Impact Evaluation Process Steps shown listed below before USAID’s Implementing Partners for the project start delivering project services. 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