An individual dog is identified as a member of a breed through proof of ancestry, using genetic analysis or written records of ancestry. In contrast, modern dog breeds are particular breed standards, sharing a common set of heritable characteristics, determined by the kennel club that recognizes the breed. The breed standard for each breed of dog is a detailed description of the appearance and behaviour of an idealized dog of that breed. The domestic dog's origin includes the dog's genetic divergence from the wolf, its domestication, and its development into dog types and dog breeds.The dog is a member of the genus Canis, which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and was the first species and the only large carnivore to have been domesticated. [19], In 2014, a study indicated that some breed-temperaments, such as anxiety or fear, may be linked to gene mutations. The skull, body, and limb proportions vary significantly between breeds, with dogs displaying more phenotypic diversity than can be found within the entire order of carnivores. Except for color and historical documentation, the St. Bernard is very similar to the largest Sennenhund. The German Shepherd (German: Deutscher Schäferhund), also known as the Alsatian, is a breed of medium-large dog. As in a 2004 study that found 9 ‘ancient breeds’ to be genetically divergent, the study found 13 breeds that were genetically divergent from the modern breeds: the Basenji, Saluki, Afghan hound, Samoyed, Canaan dog, New Guinea singing dog, dingo, Chow Chow, Chinese Shar Pei, Akita, Alaskan malamute, Siberian husky and American Eskimo dog. [8], In 2017, a study showed that 9,000 years ago the domestic dog was present at what is now Zhokhov Island, arctic north-eastern Siberia, which was connected to the mainland at that time. This page was last changed on 19 December 2020, at 12:01. People have carefully bred dogs for thousands of years. Our website presents dog breeds. [33][34] Indeed, studies have reported lifespans that are shorter by between one and almost two years. This dog is an old breed of dog. Includes personality, history, dog pictures, dog health info, and more. For instance, the feist is a hunting dog raised in the Southern United States for hunting small game. They have been used as herding dogs, guard dogs, military dogs, eyes for the blind and as pets between others. As a result, today dogs are the most abundant carnivore species and are dispersed around the world. [18], The 2012 study found that modern breeds only emerged in the 19th century and that claims of their antiquity are based on little or no historical or empirical evidence. Assyrian dog Inscription-assyrian mastiff History-Pshdar dog-Assyrian Dog-Babylon dog.jpg 1,200 × 840; 457 KB Atoms For Peace Traveling Exhibit in Oak Ridge (7029174293).jpg 3,000 × 2,400; 909 KB Australian Shepherd Portrait.jpg 2,048 × 1,369; 215 KB These breeds can vary in size and weight from a 0.46 kg (1.0 lb) teacup poodle to a 90 kg (200 lb) giant mastiff. 1 Nintendogs (DS) 1.1 Table 1.2 Visual 1.2.1 Chihuahua & Friends 1.2.2 Labrador & Friends 1.2.3 Dachshund & Friends 1.2.4 Dalmatian & Friends 1.2.5 Best Friends 1.2.6 Chihuahua & Friends (JAP) 1.2.7 Shiba Inu & Friends 1.2.8 Dachshund & Friends (JAP) 2 Nintendogs + Cats (3DS) 2.1 Table 2.2 Visual 2.2.1 French Bulldog & New Friends 2.2.2 Golden Retriever & New Friends / Shiba Inu & New … [23] Further, some groups of dogs which clearly share a persistent set of characteristics and documented descent from a known foundation stock may still not be recognized by some clubs as breeds. In 2004, a study looked at the microsatellites of 414 purebred dogs representing 85 breeds. They also possess behavioral traits including herding, guarding, and hunting, in addition to personality traits such as aggression, boldness, or hypersocial behavior. It is a cross between theGolden Retrieverand theLabrador Retriever. The study found that there were three well-supported groups that were highly divergent and distinct from modern domestic dogs. Animal Planet. The study found that dog breeds were so genetically distinct that 99% of individual dogs could be correctly assigned to their breed based on their genotype, indicating that breeding barriers (pure-bred breeding) have led to distinct genetic units. [29] Included in the breed standard description are externally observable aspects of appearance and behaviour that are considered by the breed club to be the most important for the breed, and externally observable details of appearance or temperament that are considered by the breed club to be unacceptable (called faults). English: Dog breeds normally have several different names. [7] They became the guardians of their country's breed standards. The origins of dogs date back thousands of years, having evolved as domesticated descendants of the wolf, whereas modern dog breeds date back to the late 19th century. As a result, the large phenotypic variation across dog breeds can be studied through the analysis with only a small number of genetic markers.[14]. A dog crossbreed is the result of mating two different breeds. Notably, dog breeds with flat faces and short noses have breathing difficulties,[37] eye trouble and other health issues.[38]. To aid in … They share ancestry with the Pekingese, Japanese Chin, Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, Tibetan Terrier and Pug. See each article for more information. Form was given a more prominent role than function. ", "Standards of the Breeds: Group 5 – Working", "Get Started - Register Your Mixed Breed Dog With AKC Canine Partners", "List of Breeds by Group – American Kennel Club", "Gender, age, breed and distribution of morbidity and mortality in insured dogs in Sweden during 1995 and 1996", "Mortality in insured Swedish dogs: rates and causes of death in various breeds", "Longevity and mortality of owned dogs in England", "Comparative Longevity of Pet Dogs and Humans: Implications for Gerontology Research", How fashion has left this dog gasping for air, Vets warn people against buying 'flat-faced' dogs, "Genetic Resources and Their Conservation", Fédération Cynologique Internationale breeds nomenclature, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dog_breed&oldid=998168663, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 4 January 2021, at 03:59. The Kennel Club in the UK was founded in 1873, and was the world's first national kennel club and breed registry. Strong artificial selection has developed around 450 globally recognized breeds. [12][16] These breeds were referred to as "ancient", as opposed to modern, breeds because historically it was believed their origins dated back more than 500 years. This breed in the 1600s was involved in dog fighting, which at the time was popular in Japan. [6][4] Different types or breeds of dog were being developed by breeders who wanted to define specific characteristics and desirable features in their dogs. If those other lineages were other basal breeds then a basal genetic signature remains. These breeds possess distinct traits related to morphology, which include body size, skull shape, tail phenotype, fur type, and coat colour. Recognized dog breeds are classified by groups, such as Hound, Terrier, Working, Herding, Sporting, Non-Sporting, Toy and Miscellaneous; some groups may be further subdivided by some registries. Over 300 dog breeds information and photos Dog Breeds: Guideline for Exacting Dog Owners. Many different terms were used to describe dogs, such as breed, strain, type, kind, and variety. Similar breeds. [6] Breed standards are the reason the breed came to be, and with those standards are key features, including form, function and fitness for purpose. Some of the most popular breeds are sheepdogs, collies, poodles and retrievers. Four varieties of the Belgian Shepherd Dog are recognised as four distinct breeds by the New Zealand Kennel Club. In addition, most breed standards include a historical section, describing the place of origin and the original work done by the breed or its ancestor types. Subcategories. [18], As dogs are a subspecies but their breeds are distinct genetic units, and because only certain breeds share the same type of cancers as humans, the differences in the genes of different breeds may be useful in human medical research. There were 17 breeds that conflicted with phenotype or function and these were thought to be the result of crossing some of the other phenotypes. This list includes common breeds, rare breeds, and breeds that are still being developed into new breeds. [4] Driven by dog shows and the groups that hosted them, the term dog breed took on an entirely new meaning. See the lists of dog breeds that these important breed registries allow: From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_dog_breeds&oldid=7219378, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. [13], Domestic dogs are the most variable of mammals. The spread of modern dog breeds has been difficult to resolve because many are the products of the controlled breeding practices of the Victorian era (1830–1900). Dog types are broad categories of domestic dogs based on form, function or style of work, lineage, or appearance. The Chinook is a rare breed of sled dog, developed in the state of New Hampshire during the early 20th century. The optimal maximum size for a sled dog is 20–25 kg (44–55 lb) based on thermo-regulation, and the ancient sled dogs were between 16–25 kg (35–55 lb). Their behavioural traits include guarding, herding, and hunting, and personality traits such as hypersocial behavior, boldness, and aggression. There are over 340 dog breeds known throughout the world. According to the FCI, the breed's English language name is German Shepherd Dog.The breed was officially [who?] Detailed profiles of more than 200 dog breeds. The Tibetan Spaniel is a breed of assertive, small, intelligent dogs originating over 2,500 years ago in the Himalayan mountains of Tibet. Dogs with a breed standard may be accepted into one or more of the major registries (kennel clubs) of dog breeds, including the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (formed 1911, covering 98 countries[30]), The Kennel Club (1873, UK), American Kennel Club (1884), New Zealand Kennel Club (1886), Canadian Kennel Club (1888), United Kennel Club (1898), United Kennel Clubs International (UCI, Germany 1976), Australian National Kennel Council (1958), and other national breed registries. These breeds can vary in size and weight from a 0.46 kg (1.0 lb) teacup poodle to a 90 kg (200 lb) giant mastiff. This wiki will inform you about some of the dog breeds. Official documents from the hospice in St. Bernard Pass concerning the dogs date back to 1707, with paintings and drawings of the dog even earlier. It is becoming popular to breed together two different breeds of dogs and call the new dog's breed a name that is a mixture of the parents' breeds' two names. [40][41], A mongrel, mixed-breed dog or mutt is a dog that does not belong to one officially recognized breed but can be a mix of two breeds and is not the result of intentional breeding. The skull, body, and limb proportions vary significantly between breeds, with dogs displaying more phenotypic diversity than can be found within t… The St. Bernard was one of the first breeds of dogs to be documented and differentiated from other large farm dogs of the area. In 2012, a study looked at 49,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms that gave a genome-wide coverage of 1,375 dogs representing 35 breeds, 19 wolves, and previous published genetic signatures of other breeds, giving a total of 121 breeds covered. [18], Of the basal breeds, the American Eskimo Dog and Eurasier were the very recent product of cross-breeding other basal breeds. 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