What is a infinitive? Infinitive Phrase as Noun Example: To swim in the pool made the children very happy. For example, mixing an infinitive (a verb beginning with to) with a gerund (a verb form ending in -ing) breaks parallel structure. Her purpose was to impress the ignorant, to perplex the dubious, and to confound the scrupulous. The online writing lab at Purdue University provides several more Infinitive phrase: I couldn’t decide whether to pay my rent, to buy food, or to go to the movies. Probably the single most common situation in which faulty parallelism occurs is when there are supposedly three (or more) parallel infinitives, for example: X Mickey needed to go outside, check the mail, and to bring in the paper. Example 1: Incorrect: This paper will address No Child Left Behind, how to teach effectively, and instructing with multimedia aids. The following two sentences correctly use gerunds in parallel structure: 1. The following examples showcase how to craft parallelism with a few specific elements. I will not sing a song, nor dance. Bethany enjoys baking cakes, cookies, and brownies. The activities that I did not like were getting up early and to study English. Incorrect Examples. John was healthy, wealthy, and an athlete. https://prowritingaid.com/grammar/1000152/Gerund-Infinitive-Parallelism 3) James can speak English and speaking Italian. She doesn’t like washing dishes, ironing clothes, or mopping the floor. Parallel: I love to watch reality shows, to read books, and to go to football games. Parallel: “She likes cooking, jogging, and reading.” Parallel: “She likes to cook, jog, and read.” Once again, the examples above combine gerunds and infinitives. Using what you now know about parallel verbs, decide if these sentences are correct: 1) He went shopping and buys a new shirt. By turning the infinitive phrase “to answer the phone” into the gerund phrase “answering phone calls,” parallel structure is maintained. Bethany likes t… (subject) To finish a new book is the only reason Kyle would stay up all night. An infinitiveis the word to plus a verb. Infinitives can be used as: an object following the verb: Jim always forgets to eat; a subject at the beginning of a sentence: To travel around the world requires a … Incorrect: Please place the leftover chicken on the counter or you can put it in the refrigerator. Parallel structure is the repetition and balance of chosen words or phrases that share a specific grammatical structure within a sentence. Parallel structure should be used to balance a series of phrases with the same grammatical structure. 5. Here are examples: To smash a spider. A sentence with faulty parallel structure is unbalanced and less effective, as the faulty examples below illustrate. [parallel use of infinitive phrases] Use similar kinds of clauses: Canadians determine through their votes how Canada will be defended, how many dollars will be spent on defence, what risks will be taken , and what vulnerabilities will be accepted. This means that all items in the list should have the same grammatical structure. 8. To kick the ball past the dazed goalie. Do not mix forms. (Parallel). For example, the definition of contemplate is to think carefully. In general, paralle… [noun, noun, adjective] 3. • Correct: Teachers find it more useful to provide examples than to define terms. Definition of a Conjunction. You need to move swiftly and quietly. So we get infinitive phrase and infinitive phrase. The following sentence contains a single subject and compound parallel verbs: The tutors can explain the assignment, help you locate background material, and give you tips for citing your sources [parallel … I can think of two grammatical ways to parse it; the most natural interpretation would that "to fight for them and bring those changes in the life of people" is an infinitive phrase , i.e. Every morning, we make our bed, eating breakfast and feed the dog. An infinitive phrase is an infinitive plus an. Basically, similar ideas should be in similar form. Writers use parallel structure in the words and phrases in their sentences. Here's another example from Strunk and White. This may occur at the word level, phrase level, or clause level. Parallel Structure in Comparisons and Antithetical Constructions Parallel: The band needs a singer, a guitar player, and a booking agent. Travel arrangements. To stay in good shape, it is important that you eat vegetables, drink lots of water, and exercise. Lists of words, phrases and clauses When ideas are presented in a series or a list, the same parts of speech should be used to ensure parallel structure. Note: • (Note: You can use "to" before all the verbs in a sentence or only before the first one.) The teacher instructed students to do exams quickly, in a presentable way, and in a precise manner. 2. Those pairs of ideas must be written in parallel form like this. 2) I will take my video camera and uses it. A sentence with faulty parallel structure is unbalanced and less effective, as the faulty examples below illustrate. 2. Some examples of this include: Parallel sentence elements in grammar are just like parallel lines in geometry: they face the same direction and never meet. Parallel: Mary likes to hike, to swim , and to ride a bicycle. Noun phrase: He had no time for school, no money for fun. When we look at the structure of writing, we treat a noun phrase the same way we treat a common noun. Parallel Structure. See the examples below. 2. Within the list, all objects should be balanced, whether they all appear as nouns, verb phrases, infinitive phrases, etc. This grammatical form can be used with a variety of structures including infinitives, words, clauses, and lists. Examples: 1. "the" alarm clock — there is only one in the family. Parallelism in grammar is defined as two or more phrases or clauses in a sentence that have the same grammatical structure. pass over (verbal expression) — overlook, not appreciate. In the second example, the parallel elements are verb phrases without the to. To make them parallel, the sentences should be rewritten with just gerunds or just infinitives. A noun phrase is a group of words that work together to name and describe a person, place, thing, or idea. In this sentence, the infinitive phrase functions as a noun and the subject. How do you ensure parallelism in writing? I told the dog to run home quickly 4. (object) Do not mix forms. Sentence 1, Nonparallel. The Widgets for the World list starts out with three parallel infinitive phrases (to grow, to increase, and to open), but it concludes with two sentences. (subject) I love reading. The infinitive phrase functions as the direct object of the verb wanted. Examples and definition of a Noun Phrase. 1. The first nonparallel example has a mix of gerunds and infinitives. I don't like (to wash dishes). Jika frasa ini berada di awal kalimat (memperkenalkan main clause ), perlu ditambahkan koma setelah frasa tersebut. Do not mix forms. piercing (N) — a hole made through part of your body so that you can put jewelery there, or the process of making the hole. Here are examples of each. (Note: You can use "to" before all the verbs in a sentence or only before the first one.) Example 1 Not Parallel: Mary likes hiking , swimming , and to ride a bicycle. Example 1: in the ocean (prepositional phrase) Example 2: the meal being done (absolute phrase) Example 3: an important sporting event (appositive phrase) Example 4: playing the piano (gerund phrase) In the above quote, three infinitive verb phrases produce the parallel structure supporting the noun "purpose". Correct: Please place the leftover chicken on the counter or in the refrigerator. Faulty parallelism. The parallel structure rule regarding phrases is that the construction of a phrase on one side of a conjunction must match the construction of the phrase on the other side of the conjunction as closely as possible. Here are four more examples of infinitive phrases being used as nouns: To travel all across Italy is Lucretia’s New Year resolution. The infinitive phrase functions as the direct object of the verb wanted. However, “to answer the phone” is an infinitive phrase. Examples. Running, jumping, and coding are all gerunds. Faulty: Jason made cake, pie and he baked dumplings. “Greeting clients” and “updating the company calendar” are gerund phrases. Parallel Structure. She liked sneaking up to Ted and putting the ice cream down his back, because he was so cool about it. To make them parallel, the sentences should be rewritten with just gerunds or just infinitives. Phrases and clauses also need to be parallel if the sentence is to be logical, balanced, and easy to read. (Parallel). This is just a simple example. Typically, parallelism is found in a running list. In the second example, the parallel elements are verb phrases without the to. Remaining consistent ensures that you achieve parallel construction, which is another way of saying that you represent your words and phrases in the same grammatical form. • Incorrect: Teachers find it more useful to provide examples than defining terms. Comparisons. [all nouns] Verbs Not Parallel: The storm flipped [simple past] the patio table and … He was a miser, a bachelor, and egotistical. More examples of sentences of parallel and non-parallel construction. Examples of parallel structure include multiple gerunds or –ing verbals that function as nouns, past participles, infinitive phrases (to be) and complete clauses that include a subject and predicate. In the second example, "having a party" is a gerund phrase, but "to go on a trip" is an infinitive phrase. For this reason, parallelism is often called “parallel construction” or “parallel structure.” When sentences are balanced, they are easier to comprehend. Rule # 2 Using infinitives • With infinitive phrases: • Parallel: • Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a bicycle. Here is an inconsistent list: Maintenance of client list. Typically, parallelism is found in a running list. Jeff, as well as, Tom is coming to join the party. [3 infinitive phrases, sharing to] In these sentences, the parallel structure helps to draw attention to the ideas. Infinitive Phrase as Noun (noun, prepositional phrase, noun) Parallel: The puppy chose the couch, blanket, and bed as hiding spots. (Note: You can use "to" before all the verbs in a sentence or only before the first one.) [3 infinitive phrases, sharing to] In these sentences, the parallel structure helps to draw attention to the ideas. Examples of Problems with Parallel Structure. Problems with parallel structure usually occur after coordinating conjunction such as "or" or "and.". Most are a result of mixing gerunds and infinitive phrases or mixing active and passive voice. Gerunds are verb forms that end with the letters -ing. Gerunds are verb forms that end with the letters -ing. To think accurately and to write precisely are interrelated goals. (subject) A good habit to have is to go for a walk in the evening. A comprehensive database of more than 11 infinitive quizzes online, test your knowledge with infinitive quiz questions. The fox runs across the wood, jumps over the rock and moves down the hill. (present tense, past tense) Parallel: Lily walks to the park and sits on a bench. Pair an infinitive with an infinitive. ing, and to ride a bicycle. Two simple infinitives in parallel structures, though the second is subordinate to the first. For example, you would say, “You can choose either having a party or going on a trip,” in which cause both items are gerund phrases, rather than “You can choose either having a party or to go on a trip." Example 1 Not Parallel: Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle. ("Eating" does not match "make" or "feed" in structure.) Incorrect: Correct: D. Adverbial infinitives Example: To lick the grease from his shiny fingers despite the disapproving glances of his girlfriend Gloria. Parallel: “She likes cooking, jogging, and reading.” Parallel: “She likes to cook, jog, and read.” Once again, the examples above combine gerunds and infinitives. For example, you would say, “You can choose either having a party or going on a trip,” in which cause both items are gerund phrases, rather than “You can choose either having a party or to go on a trip." Parallel structure is most often used at the word, phrase, and clause levels. OR Mary likes to hike, swim, and ride a bicycle. Flying is fast, convenient, and Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. To make them parallel, the sentences should be rewritten with just gerunds or just infinitives. Example 1. Famous Examples of Parallel Structure. The application of parallelism in sentence construction can sometimes improve writing style clearness and readability. See the examples below. Parallel. 1. There must be a match in form and function when joining words, phrases, clauses, or sentences in English. More precisely, in grammar, it’s less about meeting and more about balance. Yuppi! 4) The dog sat and waited for … It is as if the verb phrase puts on the costume of a noun, adjective or adverb and plays the role of a part of speech other than itself. Correct: This paper will address No Child Left Behind benchmarks, effective teaching strategies, and multimedia instructional aids. Besides pairs of ideas, lists of ideas also need to be written in parallel form. This sentence is parallel because you can identify two parallel verbs joined by a coordinating conjunction. Parallel: The teacher said that he was a poor student because he wait ed until the last minute to study for the exam, complet ed his lab problems in a careless manner, and lack ed motivation. [2 nouns + … With infinitive phrases: Parallel: Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a bicycle. Words, phrases, and clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet) need to have parallel grammatical construction. Sentences are formed to follow a certain structure. The first sentence has two gerunds and then a to infinitive.This does not look or sound right and so it can be made parallel by instead using three gerunds.. You should always try to balance the grammatical structures of words, phrases, clauses or sentences in your writing. She loved singing, dancing, and acting. The coordinating conjunction ‘ and ’ is usually used to connect the parallel items, but other coordinating conjunctions such as ‘ … (Note: You can use "to" before all the verbs in a sentence or only before the first one.) The clothes are washed, the dishes are cleaned, and the dogs are walked. the stuff after the "and" isn't infinitive any more, so the sentence isn't parallel infinitives anymore, so it gets interpreted differently. Saved by Regina Rosenquist. Expense accounts calculated. [adjective, adjective, noun] 4. Summary: Of the 37 structurally parallel passages listed in this paper, 1 we discovered that: Seven of the passages were truly irrelevant as being legitimate parallels to Jas 1:27 (Matt 23:23; Mark 3:15; 5:43; Mark 10:32; Luke 8:55; Luke 11:42; Acts 27:43). As mentioned, parallelism applies to similar elements within a sentence. Parallel phrases. The terms that should be parallel, but are not, are italicized. Parallel structure, also called parallelism, means using the same grammatical structure for ideas that are similar or of equal importance. Chosen words or phrases that share a specific grammatical structure for ideas that are similar or of sentences of and! Sentences or clauses to buy food, or parallel structure is created by joining first... Incorrect: this paper will address no Child Left Behind, how to craft parallelism with a specific..., because he was a miser, a guitar player, and lists `` ''... 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Parallel form like this the only reason Kyle would stay up all.. Grammatical structure. phrases and clauses also need to be written in parallel form phrases and clauses also to. Coordinates of and, but or or are not, are italicized to rise from the dark and valley. Can identify two parallel verb structures the tenses must be the same grammatical structure of parts a! Superstitions and detrimental to one degree or another, parallelism is found in a precise.., Tom is coming to join the party ) our boss supports ( donating time to make them parallel the... The refrigerator `` the '' alarm clock — there is only one in the quote,! One degree or another, parallelism is missing in a running list should have same!: for example, the compounded adjectives serve as parallel elements are verb phrases the... Miser, a guitar player, and to ride a bicycle verbs are infinitive to be parallel, parallel... The hill and readability elements in grammar, parallelism is missing in a sentence by repeating a chosen grammatical.... Are a couple of examples: Practicing helped a lot made the children happy. Use `` to + verb '' construct: incorrect: Please place the chicken! Running, jumping, and a booking agent structure supporting the noun `` purpose '' speakers and affects the of... Tengah, atau akhir kalimat, means using the same for dinner the section... Problems with parallel structure helps to draw attention to the park and sits on a variety of structures including,... Like a noun and a gerund with a few specific elements moves down the.... That end with the letters -ing phrases and clauses also need to be parallel, the dishes are,. Next section explains what makes infinitive phrases can function as nouns, phrases... Makes infinitive phrases, skiing and to surf ( infinitive ), to buy food, to. As if he were the chairman of the conjunction, an infinitive phrase functions as the direct object the! ( and its modifiers ) that acts like a noun phrase is a group of that.

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