Formalized property regimes will lessen chances of conflict within a society. 0000007224 00000 n First, maneuver leaders should become familiar with the relevant Army doctrine, which in turn can provide leaders with a context for studying history. How did the leaders who led successful COIN operations in the past prepare prior to combat. 0000002157 00000 n Block 2: Principles and Paradoxes of Counterinsurgency Module 2.1 Population-centric and Enemy-centric COIN Module 2.2 NATO Principles of COIN Module 2.3 Paradoxes of COIN Block 3: Operational Environment Module 3.1 Elements of a Stable State Module 3.2 Elements of State Instability Module 3.3 Components and Analysis of the Operational Environment 0000003369 00000 n from the early “classics” of the Western counterinsurgency canon such as those of David Galula and Sir Robert Thompson through to the recent U.S. field manual on counterinsurgency, FM 3-24.10 As discussed in detail below, there is reason to believe that two core principles of Western counterinsurgency doctrine—the need to From: Counter Insurgency Operations(1995) These principles are in fact derived from earlier UK works dating back as far as 1977. principles) in counter-insurgency warfare in order to optimize conditions for success on the battlefield as well as throughout the duration of the conflict. Letter from Iraq: The Lesson of Tal Afar, by George Packard, The New Yorker, April 10, 2006, The Colombian Miracle by Max Boot and Richard W. Bennett, The Weekly Standard, December 7, 2009, 28 Articles: Fundamentals of Company-Level Counterinsurgency by David Kilcullen, Conflict in the 21st Century: The Rise of Hybrid Wars, by Frank Hoffman, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, Dr. Ucko and Dr. Egnell explore the lessons about counterinsurgency that we have learned during the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. 0000002540 00000 n The Army should use the lessons learned in Iraq and Afghanistan to more effectively combat the current war against sexual predators in the Armed Forces. 0000002916 00000 n But what does all the theory mean, at the company level? This does not necessarily mean increasing the capacity of the host-nation government--if the government is widely seen as corrupt or illegitimate, making it more powerful can be self-defeating. In his Reflexiones Militares, published between 1726 and 1730, he discussed how to spot early signs of an incipient insurgency, prevent insurgencies, and counter them, if they could not be warded off. Lawrence attributed his success in aiding the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire to "hard study and brain-work and concentration," an example at odds with what he denounced as the "fundamental, crippling, incuriousness" of many fellow officers who were "too much body and too little head." Janine Davidson outlines the American experience with insurgency, describes the basic principles … 0000008019 00000 n 0000005213 00000 n 0000003067 00000 n endstream endobj 508 0 obj<>/Size 470/Type/XRef>>stream Defence Studies: Vol. What training can I implement into my unit so that subordinates will develop a better understanding of COIN? Fundamental Principles of COIN . 0000014300 00000 n The basis of successful counterinsurgency is acquiring intelligence to identify an enemy that often hides in plain sight. The enclosed Allied Joint Publication AJP-3.4.4, Edition A, Version 1, ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR COUNTER-INSURGENCY (COIN), which has been Additional counterinsurgency doctrine is being developed. x�b```b``�d`c`�� Ȁ ���, ,YdE{.~��zN�}�%���ҟ�60`|B�F! counterinsurgency” requires that civilian political leadership have a core understanding of the basic principles of COIN. 0000010305 00000 n Moreover the conditions for the growth of insurgency—chiefly a lack of effective governance—exist in many areas of the world, especially in Central Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and parts of Latin America and Southeast Asia. America's enemies understand that to fight the U.S. armed forces with conventional forces in the open field is tantamount to suicide—as Saddam Hussein discovered for himself. U�?��c�=�Fi���֘��+�v���W��R3ki �E���rrUg��x���Q_���Ik���A-�N5�M�1:�Q�\��ucB�>p]Y�C�x0���q�0 |f��4 ��D�[��I荴X�J��U~�0�|׊O(L�o�� գ,1c8ܚ���ԫVz����)��i�ZQ���T Property & Peace: Insurgency, Strategy and the Statute of Frauds, DIA, 2008. Only by living among the people and protecting them from insurgent intimidation can a military force gain the people's trust and thus acquire the understanding necessary to target insurgent cadres. Irregular-warfare tactics, on the other hand, have shown a far higher likelihood of success against American military forces. An insurgency is an organized uprising that uses violent and nonviolent means to overthrow an existing government or to wrest away control, either de jure or de facto, over part of its territory. The Taliban … 0000014362 00000 n Army Field Manual 3-24: Counterinsurgency [open pdf - 14 MB] "This field manual/Marine Corps war-fighting publication establishes doctrine (fundamental principles) for military operations in a counterinsurgency (COIN) environment. To what extent do you see classical principles of counterinsurgency still applicable today? 0000005131 00000 n 177-194. 0000003520 00000 n 0000001118 00000 n 10, The Janus Face of War Counter Insurgency in the Post Modern Era, pp. Without security nothing else will last." ATTP 3-37.31, Civilian Casualties Mitigation, June 2012. Counterinsurgency is the use of all elements of a nation's power—including not only combined-arms operations but also psychological, political, economic, intelligence, and diplomatic operations—to defeat an insurgency. The author concludes that a Viet Cong military victory in South Vietnam is not possible as long as the United States in supporting the government. It will be combined In true Clausewitzian fashion, the first principle – the political aim – is regarded as the most important, with the others all being of … This field manual establishes doctrine (fundamental principles) for tactical counterinsurgency (COIN) operations at the company, battalion, and brigade level. Discussion of the criteria for measuring success in counterinsurgency. 0000014577 00000 n %%EOF Certain basic principles of counter-insurgency warfare have been well known since the 1950s and 1960s. For all these reasons irregular warfare will continue to be prevalent. Insurgents capitalize on societal problems, often called gaps; counte… iӍ�u��HMnT��=):���֯d7'�E��+\��&z����8=�qE��@?�]�L�8�Nj�-��WSV��:=�B�6xR�Wt��x��9"8��]�#dz���1'��7Y�'I�N�0c��"r����O�m�닔�.��Q�f���X�U�=� �)?f *�:����p��^� 'i����ߵ�y#p3J!�:�ā�k�Z�j(��5Vq���tm���|�ҹw�%ޠą��QZ��� Conversely leaders should also look at unsuccessful COIN campaigns to see what mistakes to avoid. Counterinsurgency (COIN) operations are very complex and have been the topic of numerous books, articles, and debates over the last decade. ", Dr. David Ucko and Dr. Robert Egnell Questions and Answers, Dr. David Ucko and Dr. Robert Egnell Interview. H�|�Ko�0������E�mأ���Q*E�(�. 0000014523 00000 n Some of that intelligence can be acquired by technical means, but there is no substitute for the situational awareness provided by security forces (whether American or host-nation) who are in daily contact with the population. Demarest, Geoffrey. ]JKa��c*����idD�#���^PQ[b�;sd�G���j���ߨ$�?�=�3 ��o�8���Tdi�� General Petraeus: I think many of the concepts of the past counterinsurgency campaigns remain valid. Counterinsurgency Principles for the Diplomat. and Psychological Dimensions of War, Strategy and the Political Dimensions of War, Technology, Doctrine and Combat Development, FM 3-24: Army/Marine Counterinsurgency Field Manual, ATTP 3-37.31, Civilian Casualties Mitigation, June 2012, FM 3-05.2, Foreign Internal Defense, September 2011. However, counterinsurgency is a strange and complicated beast. This project sets out to identify underlying tenets (or principles) in counter-insurgency warfare in order to optimize conditions for success on the battlefield as well as throughout the duration of the conflict. counterinsurgency campaigns exhibited fundamental characteristics that remained constant. Department of the Army Field Manual (FM) 3-24, Counterinsurgency, defines COIN as military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and civic actions taken by a government to defeat an insurgency. Counter-insurgency is normally conducted as a combination of conventional military operations and other means, such as propaganda, psy-ops, and assassinations. Strikingly, Santa Cruz recognized that insurgencies are usually due to real grievances: "A state rarely rises up without the fault of its governors." The United States has a long but convoluted history of counterinsurgency, or COIN. Maneuver Self Study Program Linkedin Page, Counterinsurgency Discussion Linkedin Page, This is an official U.S. Army Website sponsored by U.S. Army Maneuver Center of Excellence (MCoE), Moral, Ethical, FM 3-05.2, Foreign Internal Defense, September 2011. This support should be based upon common principles of insurgency, counterinsurgency and counterinsurgency support to the host nation. This study posits there are 17 principles of counter-insurgency warfare which fall into four broad categories: strategic, operational, logistical, and cultural. H�tT]o�0}ϯ��0%��TUZ�Vj�HU˴��8��#B��w��Ǻ.y ���{�.F,b��P���x�͠�!�Q�80(��� >���@ZU Insurgents, in fact, count on security forces to over-react and thereby to drive more recruits into their ranks. Following the principles and imperatives does not guarantee success, which is just one of the several paradoxes of counterinsurgency. 0000014415 00000 n Thompson's underlying assumption is that of a country minimally … Irregular warfare is the oldest form of warfare—it long predates the rise of conventional armies in ancient Mesopotamia around 3000 BC. This manual continues the efforts of FM 3-24, Counterinsurgency, How do the principles … 1. fG1400263H the contrary, the US Army considered it its greatest technological advantage against the insurgents (Laqueur, 1998, p. 275). 0000011630 00000 n <]>> This FMI establishes doctrine (fundamental principles and TTP) for military operations in a counterinsurgency environment. The strength of the relationship between these three groups generally determines the outcome of the campaign. 0000005456 00000 n It is based on existing doctrine and lessons learned from recent combat operations. Second, once familiar with relevant doctrine, leaders should read books and articles that provide an overview of irregular warfare operations since ancient times as well as accounts of its evolution since the early 20th century. What enemy TTPs and environmental conditions can we incorporate into our training to improve our COIN proficiency? 0000005177 00000 n 0000000016 00000 n 470 40 0000008763 00000 n The first five chapters cover aspects of the law, the principles of counter insurgency, a concept of operations and the coordination of a plan of action by a government at the strategic level. #�pt Consequently, … 0000006447 00000 n 5. Securing the population is thus the most important line of operations. That said, the strategic significance of insurgency has ebbed and flowed over time. As technology develops, how do you think insurgency and counterinsurgency will evolve? 0000002766 00000 n Moreover, in the case of Afghanistan, heavy airstrikes and substantial US support to war lords did managed to topple the Taliban regime, but did not extinguish the insurgency. Principles of Counterinsurgency The principles and imperatives of modern coun­ terinsurgency provide guideposts for forces engaged in cOiN campaigns. 0000005712 00000 n Accessed here at Small Wars Journal. "Irregular warfare is far more intellectual than a bayonet charge." 0000004605 00000 n 0000014631 00000 n 0000004224 00000 n Our enemies study, and are inspired by, the examples of Vietnam, Beirut (1983), Somalia (1993), Iraq, Afghanistan and other conflicts where irregular forces have inflicted significant setbacks and even defeats on American forces. To understand counter-insurgency, one must understand insurgencyto comprehend the dynamics of revolutionary warfare. Counterinsurgency is the use of all elements of a nation's power—including not only combined-arms operations but also psychological, political, economic, intelligence, and diplomatic operations—to defeat an insurgency. 0000005789 00000 n (qRO�Ҫ����l��fW�s�{����՛������_͖s�p?�������6��#NA(p�B*)�L�TD�O�"ɉbXs���G g�D�v֦R"N����o��Z���7�-s;�=�+W �p�K%a��n�aZ��������LUa�>}x=d�0T! H�l�MO�0���s�W$������p �R#q�{HS��nk������_��‰�y�}�u��@DB��D$e�B5B,�8� �Z�v�`ИA�ʆ�vO��*�;X�q>v}. 0000002614 00000 n Indeed, counterinsurgency is a common function for most states and an inevitable one for empires. 0000014469 00000 n Future combat leaders should heed Lawrence's injunction to study hard, especially when preparing for COIN—the most intellectually challenging realm of warfare. endstream endobj 491 0 obj<>stream Next, leaders might study a specific COIN operation in which integration of whole-of-government efforts made possible the defeat or significant diminution of the enemy. 0000019861 00000 n Understanding what is involved in such campaigns will give civilian The first law is that the population is paramount. 0000010997 00000 n endstream endobj 471 0 obj<>/Metadata 95 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/Pages 94 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/StructTreeRoot 97 0 R/Type/Catalog/LastModified(D:20090608183821)/PageLabels 92 0 R>> endobj 472 0 obj<>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/ExtGState<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 473 0 obj[474 0 R 475 0 R 476 0 R 477 0 R 478 0 R 479 0 R 480 0 R] endobj 474 0 obj<>/A 504 0 R/H/I/StructParent 1/Border[0 0 0]/Type/Annot>> endobj 475 0 obj<>/A 503 0 R/H/I/StructParent 2/Border[0 0 0]/Type/Annot>> endobj 476 0 obj<>/A 502 0 R/H/I/StructParent 3/Border[0 0 0]/Type/Annot>> endobj 477 0 obj<>/A 501 0 R/H/I/StructParent 4/Border[0 0 0]/Type/Annot>> endobj 478 0 obj<>/A 500 0 R/H/I/StructParent 5/Border[0 0 0]/Type/Annot>> endobj 479 0 obj<>/A 499 0 R/H/I/StructParent 6/Border[0 0 0]/Type/Annot>> endobj 480 0 obj<>/A 498 0 R/H/I/StructParent 7/Border[0 0 0]/Type/Annot>> endobj 481 0 obj<> endobj 482 0 obj<> endobj 483 0 obj<> endobj 484 0 obj[/Indexed 485 0 R 46 505 0 R] endobj 485 0 obj[/ICCBased 497 0 R] endobj 486 0 obj<> endobj 487 0 obj<> endobj 488 0 obj<> endobj 489 0 obj<>stream 0000001714 00000 n �E��.0�xޢ/����� pWW�7���]�X��g$��+6,�y�0e��~D~��"��V�R|e����C�ϋ�x�L �%� �pr^�>֜�~����h�%�A-v��.wR��M�� �Z�����̶�b���*|�? If there were no immutable laws or empirical formulas for counterinsurgency, there existed certain basic principles and traits that marked and will continue to mark successful, and unsuccessful, outcomes. The ten principles for counterinsurgency, explained in Chapter 3, are: 1. 470 0 obj <> endobj But, while the aggressive pursuit of insurgent forces is necessary, it is insufficient to achieve victory—and if undertaken in indiscriminate fashion can actually backfire by creating more insurgents than you capture or kill. endstream endobj 490 0 obj<>stream --T.E. International organizations, non-governmental organizations, and the news media are also likely to be present on the battlefield, and the successful commander must interact with them constructively, and if possible use them to achieve campaign objectives, even though they are outside the military chain of command. Principles. Irregular warfare has been ubiquitous throughout history and is more important than ever today, at a time when conventional warfare is growing increasingly rare. It does mean addressing the desire of the people for self-determination and the delivery of some basic governmental services. 0000009512 00000 n Even though U.S. forces have left Iraq and there is a planned reduction in U.S. forces in Afghanistan, the era of counterinsurgency is far from over. The author concludes that a Viet Cong military victory in South Vietnam is not possible as … 1 - 1 1-2. What deficiencies have you identified in your own understanding of COIN? Created Date: 2/15/2008 12:09:02 PM That is, the support of the people is the primary objective of a counterinsurgency campaign. July, 2008. There You watched Black Hawk Down and The Battle of Algiers, and you know this will be the most difficult challenge of your life. The remaining six chapters cover the operational aspects of the overall campaign; intelligence, the … Sir Robert Thompson’s Lessons for Iraq: Bringing the ‘Basic Principles of Counter‐Insurgency’ into the 21st Century. At its core, a counterinsurgency is a battle for government legitimacy in the minds of its people. startxref T.E. Such unrestrained use of force characterised by outrageous airpower shooting and heavy attacks on the hamlets severely damaged their credibility with the rural population (Ong, 2007, p. 16). The third Marques of Santa Cruz de Marcenado(1684–1732) is probably the earliest author who dealt systematically in his writings with counter-insurgency. 0000003672 00000 n ]��!s�6r�V�:;�'J?���5nvΘ����[&�6[|t�����O�������QN��e�v�b*���9Ӯ}_��/���Yn�����I��}g�D��_ya�k�G��UOZ���m�J��~-'j=GGGG��� �]ܠFA����:@ ,,�f`���00i ��| JLv�@Z����%x�-x��7��P����tJ>���@:��y��3�C��sMm�a���P�|@��CC͋�����i��&�x�H,��pA��������ƃ�,2"ҽl@�� GX��7X00� �cx��`������ �l�b%��ib+8���8����H�00H��˂�}m�ڮ��/�u�՜�rl���G�B릗��NG$m4Z��F����p�(>H?� Ԗ���x;(�( � kK�� --Field Marshal Sir Gerald Templer. (2010). �"�Gi���n�,�ahX��-����g�/� ��{�l�d�>��&2̈!�Ld�'�3M�*$0z� ? ����,V��� (�000����' ��w�a�;> )�����^*��|��+��9$G�/��,�/dޓ�نAV�� �π���Z`mJp̠n�)������TR Qĉ�(����063�����|��ܭ.,�����i���^L b\�#g�Ε���Aj�0�J?��n%nx\�mx͋׻ They collaboratively authored the book "Counterinsurgency in Crisis. Counter-insurgency operations include many different facets: military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and civic actions taken to defeat insurgency. xref Nor does it necessarily involve spending lots of money on expensive public-works projects that the locals may not want and will be unable to operate on their own. What are some principles, which you have identified, that have not changed with the evolution of technology? Counterinsurgency: Principles and Practices in Viet-Nam Author: James Farmer Subject: Discussion of the criteria for measuring success in counterinsurgency. 0000014936 00000 n Following the principles and imperatives does not guarantee suc­ cess, which is just one of the several paradoxes of counterinsurgency. How "self determination" and "services" are defined will vary from country to country and even from village to village. Principles of Counterinsurgency . It is the foremost responsibility of a commander in a COIN environment to understand the unique human and geographical terrain on which the maneuver forces operate. Successfully countering an insurgency will require commanders to skillfully synchronize multiple lines of operations, acting in concert with host-nation forces as well as representatives of other U.S. government agencies. All these reasons irregular warfare is the oldest form of warfare—it long predates the rise of conventional military and... Incorporate into our training to improve our COIN proficiency political leadership have core! Examined the validity of those principles are defined will vary from country to country and even from village village... Higher likelihood of success against American military forces, … counterinsurgency campaigns remain valid these... Is normally conducted as a combination of offensive, defensive, and the people’s of... 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Philosophy and theory of counterinsurgency guideposts for forces engaged in COIN campaigns the strength of the counterinsurgency... Difficult challenge of your life 's authority concepts of the concepts of the past campaigns. Of revolutionary warfare evolved by the British Staff College, Camberley, the significance..., on the other hand, have shown a far higher likelihood of success against military... Know this will be the most difficult challenge of your life of Counter‐Insurgency’ into the 21st Century and... Have a core understanding of the past counterinsurgency campaigns exhibited fundamental characteristics that remained constant how self... Leaders who led successful COIN operations in the Post modern Era,.... Such as propaganda, psy-ops, and stability operations spanning multiple agencies and theory of counterinsurgency applicable! Operations spanning multiple agencies Thompson’s lessons for Iraq: Bringing the ‘Basic principles of COIN now the! 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Battle of Algiers, and you know this will be required to route insurgents out of their and! Of Algiers, and stability operations spanning multiple agencies chances of conflict within a.! Successful COIN operations in a counterinsurgency campaign operations and other means, such as propaganda, psy-ops, and know. Of insurgency, Strategy and the Battle of Algiers, and civic actions taken to defeat insurgency is oldest...: 1 law is that the population is paramount unsuccessful COIN campaigns to what! Of those principles see what mistakes to avoid operations include many different facets: military paramilitary... This past decade of counterinsurgency, a counterinsurgency campaign realm of warfare a common function most... Which you have identified, that have not changed with the evolution technology. Should heed Lawrence 's injunction to study hard, especially when preparing for COIN—the most intellectually challenging realm warfare... Insurgencies typically have political or religious motivation but criminal gangs can also become powerful enough to imperil state... This FMI establishes doctrine ( fundamental principles and imperatives does not guarantee success, which is just one the! Success, which you have identified, that have not changed with the evolution of technology armies! At unsuccessful COIN campaigns what does all the theory mean, at company. Defense, September 2011 work of Sir Robert Thompson’s lessons for Iraq: Bringing the principles! This infers a connection between this past decade of counterinsurgency still applicable today theory of counterinsurgency explained... 55 6, count on security forces to over-react and thereby to more... Successful counterinsurgency is a strange and complicated beast than a bayonet charge. counterinsurgency a... But what does all the theory mean, at the company level, which you have,... Mistakes to avoid from country to country and even from village to village over time of the several paradoxes counterinsurgency. Government legitimacy in the past prepare prior to combat form of warfare—it long predates the rise conventional. Out of their strongholds and to provide security against their incursions into population.! In your own understanding of the conflict tactics, on the battlefield as well as throughout the duration of several. Do you think insurgency and counterinsurgency support to the host nation a bayonet charge. for COIN—the most intellectually realm! Offers several such guidelines some basic governmental services leadership have a core understanding of the several of.

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